Complete Polity Notes for UPSC - Lakshmikanth Notes

This book is one of the most trusted and comprehensive sources for Indian Polity, especially for UPSC aspirants. It covers all aspects of the Polity

Indian Polity by M. Laxmikanth

📘 Indian Polity by M. Laxmikanth

This book is one of the most trusted and comprehensive sources for Indian Polity, especially for UPSC aspirants. It covers all aspects of the Indian political system—right from the historical background to the latest constitutional developments and institutions.

Contents

🔴 Orientation Class

PART-I: Constitutional Framework

Historical Background
- Regulating Act of 1773
- Pitt’s India Act of 1784
-
Making of the Constitution - ▶️ YT Class Link
-Nehru Objective Resolution
- Drafting Committee
Concept of Constitution - ▶️ YT Class Link
Salient Features of the Constitution - ▶️ YT Class Link
- CRITICISM OF THE CONSTITUTION
Comparison of the Indian Constitutional Scheme With that of Other Countries
- British Constitution vs Indian Constitution - ▶️ YT Class Link
- USA Constitution vs Indian Constitution - ▶️ YT Class Link
- Salient Features of the Chinese Constitution - ▶️ YT Class Link
- Salient Features of the French Constitution - ▶️ YT Class Link
- Salient Features of the German, Japan, Canada Constitution - ▶️ YT Class Link | PDF Notes
- Salient Feature of Constitution of Australia & Switzerland - ▶️ YT Class Link | PDF Notes
Preamble of the Constitution
Union and its Territory Article 1 - 4
Citizenship Article 5 - 11
Fundamental Rights
- What is Rule of Law
- Is Judiciary a Part of the State Under Article 12 of the Indian Constitution
- Article 14 - Equality before law and Equal protection of the laws
- Article
- Article 16: Equality of Opportunity in Public Employment
- Article 20: Protection in Respect of Conviction for Offences
- Article 21: Protection of Life and Personal Liberty
- Article 22: Protection Against Arrest and Detention
- Article 32: Writs- Constitutional Remedies for Enforcement of Fundamental Rights
- Distinction Between Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles of state policy
Directive Principles of State Policy
Fundamental Duties
Amendment of the Constitution
Basic Structure of the Constitution

PART-II: System of Government

Parliamentary System
Federal System
Centre–State Relations
Inter-State Relations
Emergency Provisions
- National Emergency (Article 352) in India
- President’s Rule (Article 356) - Emergency provisions
- Financial Emergency (Article 360) - Emergency provisions
- The 1975 Emergency: How Indira Gandhi Misused Power

PART-III: Central Government

President
Vice-President
Prime Minister
Central Council of Ministers
Cabinet Committees
Parliament
- Types of Majorities in the Indian Parliament
- Question Hour and Zero Hour in Parliament
- How and Why the Motion of Thanks Occurs in Parliament
- What is Privilege Motion?
- What is Call Attention Motion?
- Comparison between Adjournment Motion and Call Attention Motion
- What is Prorogation in Parliament
- What is Recess in Parliament
- What is Session of Parliament
- Funds and Its Types: Consolidated Fund of India, Contingency Fund of India, Public Account of India
- Stages in Enactment of Budget | Budgetary Process in India
- Ordinary Bills
- Money Bills Article 110
- Financial bills
Parliamentary Committees
Parliamentary Forums
Indian Parliamentary Group
Supreme Court
- What is Special Leave to Appeal (SLP) Under Article 136?
- The Four Judges Cases: Controversy Over Consultation in Judicial Appointments
- ARTICLE 142 – Power of SC to do “Complete Justice"
- Curative Petition and Review Petition
-
Judicial Review
Judicial Activism
Public Interest Litigation

PART-IV: State Government

Governor
- Constitutional Discretion of Governor
Chief Minister
State Council of Ministers
State Legislature
High Court
Tribunals
Subordinate Courts
Special Provisions for Some States

PART-V: Local Government

Panchayati Raj
Municipalities

PART-VI: Union Territories and Special Areas

Union Territories
Scheduled and Tribal Areas

PART-VII: Constitutional Bodies

Election Commission
- Electoral Bonds Scheme – UPSC Notes
- What is the Delimitation Commission with example
Union Public Service Commission
State Public Service Commission
Finance Commission
Goods and Services Tax Council
- Working of GST in India
National Commission for SCs
National Commission for STs
National Commission for BCs
Special Officer for Linguistic Minorities
Comptroller and Auditor General of India
Attorney General of India
Advocate General of the State

PART-VIII: Non-Constitutional Bodies

NITI Aayog
National Human Rights Commission
State Human Rights Commission
Central Information Commission
State Information Commission
Central Vigilance Commission
Central Bureau of Investigation
Lokpal and Lokayuktas
National Investigation Agency
National Disaster Management Authority

PART-IX: Other Constitutional Dimensions

Co-operative Societies
Official Language
Public Services
Rights and Liabilities of the Government
Special Provisions Relating to Certain Classes
Bar Council of India

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_WidgetManager._RegisterWidget('_ContactFormView', new _WidgetInfo('ContactForm41', 'sec_Theme_Hidden', document.getElementById('ContactForm41'), {'contactFormMessageSendingMsg': 'Sending...', 'contactFormMessageSentMsg': 'Your message has been sent.', 'contactFormMessageNotSentMsg': 'Message could not be sent. Please try again later.', 'contactFormInvalidEmailMsg': 'A valid email address is required.', 'contactFormEmptyMessageMsg': 'Message field cannot be empty.', 'title': '\u09af\u09cb\u0997\u09be\u09af\u09cb\u0997 \u09ab\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae', 'blogId': '1451772555531242736', 'contactFormNameMsg': 'Name', 'contactFormEmailMsg': 'Email', 'contactFormMessageMsg': 'Message', 'contactFormSendMsg': 'Send', 'contactFormToken': 'AOuZoY5EsqDrPpqbUm9vaYlmgZJg13yDUQ:1750313830064', 'submitUrl': 'https://www.blogger.com/contact-form.do'}, 'displayModeFull'));
_WidgetManager._RegisterWidget('_StatsView', new _WidgetInfo('Stats41', 'sec_Theme_Hidden', document.getElementById('Stats41'), {'title': 'Pageviews last month', 'showGraphicalCounter': false, 'showAnimatedCounter': false, 'showSparkline': true, 'statsUrl': '//targetiaskannada.blogspot.com/b/stats?style\x3dBLACK_TRANSPARENT\x26timeRange\x3dLAST_WEEK\x26token\x3dAPq4FmCnm2tn-xyN3GDbumbrTaE_Hlu1kJedZWdwpMwBYEKizAZbSO-zFKo7NoM2TNWVWey0YBXMqL6ptTckfSwGPds8BsSmcA'}, 'displayModeFull'));
_WidgetManager._RegisterWidget('_LinkListView', new _WidgetInfo('LinkList61', 'sec_Addon_Widgets', document.getElementById('LinkList61'), {}, 'displayModeFull'));
_WidgetManager._RegisterWidget('_LinkListView', new _WidgetInfo('LinkList62', 'sec_Addon_Widgets', document.getElementById('LinkList62'), {}, 'displayModeFull'));
_WidgetManager._RegisterWidget('_LinkListView', new _WidgetInfo('LinkList63', 'sec_Addon_Widgets', document.getElementById('LinkList63'), {}, 'displayModeFull'));
_WidgetManager._RegisterWidget('_HTMLView', new _WidgetInfo('HTML61', 'sec_Addon_Widgets', document.getElementById('HTML61'), {}, 'displayModeFull'));
_WidgetManager._RegisterWidget('_ImageView', new _WidgetInfo('Image61', 'sec_Addon_Widgets', document.getElementById('Image61'), {'resize': false}, 'displayModeFull'));
</script>
</body>