FCRA Amendment Bill & Rules 2026: Key Changes, Provisions, Examples & UPSC Notes
FCRA is a law that regulates the receiving and use of foreign contributions (foreign donations/funds) in India Who can come under FCRA? Examples incl…
Economy-UPSC notes
Problems & Solutions in Public–Private Partnership (PPP) in India | UPSC NOTES
Problems in Public–Private Partnership (PPP) in India 1. Delay in Land Acquisition Infrastructure projects often get delayed because land acquisition…
Income Tax Act, 1961 vs Income Tax Act, 2025 - UPSC notes
C omparative table for Income Tax Act, 1961 vs Income Tax Act, 2025 for quick revision Read: New Income Tax Act 2025 - Economy UPSC Notes Aspe…
New Income Tax Act 2025 - Economy UPSC Notes
Understanding the New Income Tax Act, 2025 The Income Tax Act, 2025 is a brand-new law that will replace the old Income-Tax Act of 1961. The main g…
What is Estate Duty / Inheritance Tax? UPSC notes
What is Estate Duty / Inheritance Tax? Estate duty (or inheritance tax ) is a tax levied on the property, money, or assets that a person leaves …
Laffer Curve – Economy UPSC Notes
✅ Laffer Curve – Complete UPSC Notes ➤ Definition The Laffer Curve is an economic theory that shows the relationship between the tax rate (%) an…
What is Sen Poverty Index (SPI) | UPSC Economy notes
Sen Poverty Index (SPI) Step 1: The problem with normal poverty measures Headcount Ratio (HCR): tells us how many people are poor. 👉 Example…
What is Inelastic Demand (0 < PED < 1) | UPSC Economy Notes
Inelastic Demand (0 < PED < 1): ✅ Definition: "Inelastic demand" means people do not reduce their buying by much even if the pr…
What is the Committee on Public Undertakings (CPU)? UPSC Notes
🏛️ What is the Committee on Public Undertakings? It’s a parliamentary committee that keeps a watch on government companies — like a watchdog ove…
What are Externalities? Types, Examples - UPSC Notes
🔹 What are Externalities? An externality is a side effect of an activity that affects someone else who is not directly involved in it. If it …