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Nobel Prize 2024 Winners: UPSC Detailed Notes

Nobel Prizes for 2024 have been awarded to 1. Medicine: Victor Ambros and Gary Ruvkun. 2.Physics: John J. Hopfield and Geoffrey Hinton.3.Chemistry: ..
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Nobel Prize

Nobel Prize 2024: Detailed Notes

The Nobel Prizes for 2024 have been awarded to individuals and organizations whose groundbreaking work has significantly advanced human knowledge and societal well-being.

Read More: Noble prize 2023 Winners list 

Below is a detailed overview of the laureates and their contributions across various categories:

Table of Nobel Prize 2024 Winners

Category Laureates Contribution
Physiology or Medicine Victor Ambros and Gary Ruvkun Discovery of microRNAs, tiny RNA molecules essential for gene regulation in multicellular organisms.
Physics John J. Hopfield and Geoffrey Hinton Foundational work in artificial neural networks, advancing machine learning and artificial intelligence.
Chemistry David Baker, Demis Hassabis, and John Jumper Breakthroughs in protein structure prediction and design, enabling advancements in science and medicine.
Literature Han Kang Poetic prose addressing historical traumas and the fragility of human life.
Peace Nihon Hidankyo Advocacy for nuclear disarmament and highlighting the horrors of nuclear weapons through survivor testimonies.
Economic Sciences Daron Acemoglu, Simon Johnson, and James A. Robinson Research on how inclusive institutions promote economic prosperity while extractive systems hinder it.



Category-Wise Analysis

1. Physiology or Medicine

  • Laureates: Victor Ambros and Gary Ruvkun
  • Key Contribution:
    • Discovered microRNAs, tiny RNA molecules involved in gene regulation.
    • Impact: Opened new avenues for understanding genetic regulation and potential medical applications.

2. Physics

  • Laureates: John J. Hopfield and Geoffrey Hinton
  • Key Contribution:
    • Developed principles and applications for artificial neural networks.
    • Impact: Accelerated advancements in machine learning and artificial intelligence technologies.

3. Chemistry

  • Laureates: David Baker, Demis Hassabis, John Jumper
  • Key Contribution:
    • Solved the protein-folding problem using AI and created novel proteins.
    • Impact: Major implications for drug discovery, biotechnology, and understanding diseases.

4. Literature

  • Laureate: Han Kang
  • Key Contribution:
    • Explored human emotions and societal issues through poetic prose.
    • Themes: Historical traumas, existential struggles, and the fragility of human life.

5. Peace

  • Laureate: Nihon Hidankyo
  • Key Contribution:
    • Advocated for nuclear disarmament using testimonies of Hiroshima and Nagasaki survivors.
    • Impact: Strengthened global movements against nuclear weapons.

6. Economic Sciences

  • Laureates: Daron Acemoglu, Simon Johnson, James A. Robinson
  • Key Contribution:
    • Analyzed how inclusive institutions foster prosperity.
    • Impact: Provided insights into economic growth, inequality, and policy-making.

Relevance to UPSC Preparation

  • Essay Topics: Role of institutions, AI advancements, genetic research, global disarmament.
  • GS Paper 1: Human emotions, social challenges, and historical traumas.
  • GS Paper 2: International advocacy for peace and institutional frameworks.
  • GS Paper 3: Technological innovations, AI, and sustainable economic development.

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