History-Modern

Complete Indian Modern History Notes for UPSC - Spectrum Notes

📚 Modern History – UPSC Notes Modern Indian History mainly covers the period from the mid-18th century to India's independence in 1947 . It …

India on the Eve of British Conquest 🔶 1. Challenges Before the Mughals a) External Challenges i. Nadir Shah's Invasion (1739, during Md. Sh…

📚 Third Carnatic War | Anglo-French War (1756–1763) – UPSC Notes 🕰️ Background & Cause Europe : Outbreak of the Seven Years’ War (1756–176…

📚 Second Carnatic War (1749–1754) – UPSC Notes 🕰️ Background and Causes After the First Carnatic War, French Governor Dupleix aimed to build …

📚 First Carnatic War (1746–1748) – UPSC Notes 🕰️ Background and Causes Main cause : Colonial rivalry between France and Britain over trade in…

The French in India – UPSC Notes 🧱 1. Establishment of the French East India Company 📅 1664 – French East India Company ( Compagnie des Indes…

📘 THE ENGLISH IN INDIA (UPSC-Structured Notes) 🧭 Early Ventures & Foundations 1580 : Sir Francis Drake completed his global circumnaviga…

📌 Conquest of Goa (1510) by Alfonso de Albuquerque 🗓️ Date of Conquest: Initial attempt: March 1510 (brief success, later lost) Final conques…

Chronology of Important Portuguese Figures in India (1498–1538) 🔹 1. Vasco da Gama ➤ Timeline: 1498, 1501, 1524 ➤ Background: Portuguese ex…

📌 Cartaz System (Portuguese Naval Pass System) 🕰️ Period of Use: Early 1500s to late 1600s (introduced during the governorship of Francisco de A…

📌 Zamorin’s Decline & Exclusion of Arabs by Portuguese (1500s) 🗓️ Timeline: 1498–1501 : Initial friendly contact with Vasco da Gama. 15…

🏞️ Indus Water Treaty 📌 What is the Indus Water Treaty? The Indus Water Treaty (IWT) is a water-sharing agreement between India and Pakistan …