Nobel Prize 2024: Detailed Notes
The Nobel Prizes for 2024 have been awarded to individuals and organizations whose groundbreaking work has significantly advanced human knowledge and societal well-being.
Read More: Noble prize 2023 Winners list
Below is a detailed overview of the laureates and their contributions across various categories:
Table of Nobel Prize 2024 Winners
| Category | Laureates | Contribution |
|---|---|---|
| Physiology or Medicine | Victor Ambros and Gary Ruvkun | Discovery of microRNAs, tiny RNA molecules essential for gene regulation in multicellular organisms. |
| Physics | John J. Hopfield and Geoffrey Hinton | Foundational work in artificial neural networks, advancing machine learning and artificial intelligence. |
| Chemistry | David Baker, Demis Hassabis, and John Jumper | Breakthroughs in protein structure prediction and design, enabling advancements in science and medicine. |
| Literature | Han Kang | Poetic prose addressing historical traumas and the fragility of human life. |
| Peace | Nihon Hidankyo | Advocacy for nuclear disarmament and highlighting the horrors of nuclear weapons through survivor testimonies. |
| Economic Sciences | Daron Acemoglu, Simon Johnson, and James A. Robinson | Research on how inclusive institutions promote economic prosperity while extractive systems hinder it. |
Category-Wise Analysis
1. Physiology or Medicine
- Laureates: Victor Ambros and Gary Ruvkun
- Key Contribution:
- Discovered microRNAs, tiny RNA molecules involved in gene regulation.
- Impact: Opened new avenues for understanding genetic regulation and potential medical applications.
2. Physics
- Laureates: John J. Hopfield and Geoffrey Hinton
- Key Contribution:
- Developed principles and applications for artificial neural networks.
- Impact: Accelerated advancements in machine learning and artificial intelligence technologies.
3. Chemistry
- Laureates: David Baker, Demis Hassabis, John Jumper
- Key Contribution:
- Solved the protein-folding problem using AI and created novel proteins.
- Impact: Major implications for drug discovery, biotechnology, and understanding diseases.
4. Literature
- Laureate: Han Kang
- Key Contribution:
- Explored human emotions and societal issues through poetic prose.
- Themes: Historical traumas, existential struggles, and the fragility of human life.
5. Peace
- Laureate: Nihon Hidankyo
- Key Contribution:
- Advocated for nuclear disarmament using testimonies of Hiroshima and Nagasaki survivors.
- Impact: Strengthened global movements against nuclear weapons.
6. Economic Sciences
- Laureates: Daron Acemoglu, Simon Johnson, James A. Robinson
- Key Contribution:
- Analyzed how inclusive institutions foster prosperity.
- Impact: Provided insights into economic growth, inequality, and policy-making.
Relevance to UPSC Preparation
- Essay Topics: Role of institutions, AI advancements, genetic research, global disarmament.
- GS Paper 1: Human emotions, social challenges, and historical traumas.
- GS Paper 2: International advocacy for peace and institutional frameworks.
- GS Paper 3: Technological innovations, AI, and sustainable economic development.
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