✅ What is a Schedule in the Constitution?
👉 A Schedule is like a list or table kept at the end of the Constitution.
💡 Think of it like this:
Imagine your school rule book.
In the main book, Rule 1 says: “All students must wear a school uniform.”
But it doesn’t say which colors, or on which days.
So at the back of the book, there's a chart that says:
| Day | Uniform Color |
|---|---|
| Monday | White |
| Tuesday | Blue |
That chart at the back is like a Schedule.
🔁 In Our Constitution:
Articles = Main rules (like laws)
Schedules = Lists or charts that help explain those rules
📜 Example from Constitution:
Let’s say the Constitution says:
➡️ “India has many official languages.”
But it doesn't list them all in the Article.
So where are they written?
✅ In the 8th Schedule – it has the list of 22 official languages.
🤔 Why Not Just Write in the Article?
Because some things are:
Too long (like 22 languages)
Changeable (like salary of President)
Better shown in table form
So, instead of putting it all in the Articles, we make Schedules to keep things clean and easy.
🧠 One-Line Definition (Simplest)
A Schedule is a list or table added to the Constitution that gives extra details.
📘 Very Simple Analogy:
| In Real Life | In Constitution |
|---|---|
| Menu in a hotel | Articles (Main rules) |
| Price list at back | Schedule (Extra info) |
🎯 Why Are Schedules Important?
📋 Helps us find info easily
🧹 Keeps Constitution neat and short
🔁 Can be updated without changing full Articles
🙋♂️ Still confused? Here's an even easier version:
The Constitution is like a big school diary.
The main pages are the rules.
But to avoid making it too long, some stuff is written at the back pages – in the form of Schedules.
That’s it!
Schedules = Extra pages with lists that help explain the rules.
🧾 Detailed & Easy Explanation of Each Schedule:
🟦 First Schedule
📌 Shows: Names of States & Union Territories, and their boundaries
🔗 Related Articles: 1 and 4
🧠 Example: It lists Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, etc., and shows their area on the map.
🟨 Second Schedule
📌 Contains: Salaries, allowances, privileges for important officials like:
President
Governors
Speakers and Deputy Speakers (Lok Sabha, State Assemblies)
Chairman & Deputy Chairman (Rajya Sabha, Legislative Councils)
Judges of Supreme Court & High Courts
Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG)
🔗 Related Articles: 59, 65, 75, 97, 125, 148, 158, 164, 186, 221
🧠 Example: Want to know how much the President earns? It’s written here.
🟩 Third Schedule
📌 Contains: Oaths and affirmations taken by:
Union Ministers
Parliament Candidates
MPs
Judges of Supreme Court
State Ministers
State Legislature Candidates & Members
High Court Judges
CAG
🔗 Articles: 75, 84, 99, 124, 148, 164, 173, 188, 219
🧠 Example: MP’s oath to uphold Constitution is from this schedule.
🟥 Fourth Schedule
📌 Contains: Number of Rajya Sabha seats allotted to each State/UT
🔗 Articles: 4 and 80
🧠 Example: UP has 31 Rajya Sabha seats — listed here.
🟪 Fifth Schedule
📌 Deals with: Administration of Scheduled Areas and Tribes (mainland states)
🔗 Article: 244
🧠 Example: Special administration for tribal areas in Jharkhand.
🟧 Sixth Schedule
📌 Deals with: Tribal Areas in the North-East (Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, Mizoram)
🔗 Articles: 244 and 275
🧠 Example: Autonomous District Councils in Meghalaya work under this.
🟫 Seventh Schedule
📌 Divides Subjects between:
Union List – For Centre (e.g., Railways)
State List – For States (e.g., Police)
Concurrent List – For both (e.g., Education)
🔗 Article: 246
🧠 Example: If you want to know who can make law on "forest", check Concurrent List here.
⬛ Eighth Schedule
📌 Contains: List of 22 Official Languages
🔗 Articles: 344 and 351
🧠 Example: Kannada, Hindi, Tamil, Telugu, etc. are listed here.
🟦 Ninth Schedule
📌 Contains: Laws that can’t be challenged in court (originally).
Mostly land reforms.
🔗 Article: 31-B
🧠 Example: A land ceiling law protected from court review.
📝 Note: After 2007, Supreme Court said – these laws can still be reviewed if they violate "basic structure."
🟨 Tenth Schedule
📌 Known as: Anti-Defection Law
🔗 Articles: 102 and 191
🧠 Example: If an MLA changes party after winning, this law decides if he should be disqualified.
🟩 Eleventh Schedule
📌 Contains: Powers of Panchayats (Local Self-Government – Rural)
🔗 Article: 243-G
🧠 Example: Village roads, water supply are Panchayat subjects.
🟥 Twelfth Schedule
📌 Contains: Powers of Municipalities (Urban Local Government)
🔗 Article: 243-W
🧠 Example: Street lighting, sanitation in cities is managed under this.
📊 Recreated Table like the Book:
| Schedule | Subject Matter | Articles Covered |
|---|---|---|
| First | Names of States & Union Territories and their jurisdiction | 1 and 4 |
| Second | Salaries & privileges of President, Governors, Judges, Speaker, etc. | 59, 65, 75, 97, 125, 148, 158, 164, 186, 221 |
| Third | Forms of Oaths or Affirmations | 75, 84, 99, 124, 148, 164, 173, 188, 219 |
| Fourth | Allocation of seats in Rajya Sabha | 4 and 80 |
| Fifth | Scheduled Areas and Tribes (mainland states) | 244 |
| Sixth | Tribal Areas in North-East (Assam, Meghalaya, etc.) | 244 and 275 |
| Seventh | Union, State, and Concurrent Lists (division of powers) | 246 |
| Eighth | 22 Official Languages | 344 and 351 |
| Ninth | Laws protected from court (land reform laws etc.) | 31-B |
| Tenth | Anti-defection Law (Disqualification of MPs/MLAs) | 102 and 191 |
| Eleventh | Powers of Panchayats (29 subjects) | 243-G |
| Twelfth | Powers of Municipalities (18 subjects) | 243-W |
🧠 Shortcut Trick to Remember:
| Schedule | Keyword |
|---|---|
| 1st | States & UTs |
| 2nd | Salaries |
| 3rd | Oaths |
| 4th | Rajya Sabha Seats |
| 5th | Tribal Areas (Non-NE) |
| 6th | Tribal Areas (NE) |
| 7th | Union-State Powers |
| 8th | Languages |
| 9th | Land reform laws |
| 10th | Anti-defection |
| 11th | Panchayats |
| 12th | Municipalities |
