USA Constitution vs Indian Constitution– Polity UPSC Notes

Constitution of the United States of America  vs Indian Constitution– UPSC Notes 1. Overview Oldest Written Constitution : Adopted in 1787 , it’s the world’s oldest written and working Constitution . Begins with: “We the People” → shows that people are the ultimate authority (popular sovereignty). 2. Nature of Constitution Rigid & Short : Only 7 original Articles , with 27 amendments. The last amendment was in 1992 . Indian Constitution is very detailed and flexible , with more than 100 amendments. 3. Federalism US has “Coming Together” federalism : 50 States voluntarily joined to form a stronger union. Each state has equal powers in the Senate . Indian model is “Holding Together” : Strong Centre, weaker States (as per Dr. Ambedkar). USA: Indestructible union of indestructible States . India: Indestructible union of destructible States (Article 3 allows reorganization). 4. Form of Government USA follows Presidential System : President = Head of State + Head of Government . Directly elected (through Electoral Colle…