DYNASTIES OF NORTH INDIA – UPSC NOTES

🗂️ DYNASTIES OF NORTH INDIA – UPSC NOTES (Chandelas, Paramaras, Tomaras, Chahamanas, Gahadvalas, Kalachuris, Solankis, and Kashmir) 1. Chandelas of Jejakabhukti (Bundelkhand) 📅 Period: 9th–13th Century AD 🔹 Origin: Feudatories of Gurjara-Pratiharas; claimed descent from sage Chandratreya 🔹 Founder: Nannuka (831–845 AD) [UPSC 2022] 📌 Key Rulers & Contributions: Yashovarman (925–950) : Built Lakshmana Temple, first autonomous ruler Dhanga (950–999) : Annexed Pratihara land; allied with Shahi ruler Jaipal Ganda (999–1002) : Supported Anandpal against Mahmud Ghazni Vidyadhara (1003–1035) : Built Kandariya Mahadeva Temple Paramardideva (1165–1203) : Faced defeat by Prithviraj III & Qutbuddin Aibak; Kalinjar briefly regained 🏛️ Architecture: Khajuraho Temples : UNESCO World Heritage Site Lakshmana Temple (Yashovarman), Vishvanatha (Dhanga), Kandariya Mahadeva (Vidyadhara) 2. Paramaras of Malwa 📅 Period: 9th–14th Century AD 🔹 Origin: Vassals of Pratiharas & Rashtrakutas 🔹 Founder: Upendra (…