4 Major Modern Devices of Direct Democracy - UPSC Notes
Referendum
Meaning:
A vote by all people on a specific issue or law — people directly decide Yes or No.
4 Major Modern Devices of Direct Democracy 🗳️ 1. Referendum Meaning:
A vote by all people on a specific issue or law — people directly decide Yes or No . Example:
In 2016, the Brexit Referendum in the UK asked: “Should the UK leave the European Union?”
People voted directly — this is Direct Democracy in action . Used for: Approving laws or constitutional changes Important national issues ✍️ 2. Initiative Meaning:
People propose a new law themselves — not politicians.
If enough citizens sign a petition, the proposal goes for a public vote. Example:
In the USA , citizens in California started an initiative to legalize marijuana. After enough signatures, it went to a public vote and passed. Used for: Bringing public issues to the law-making process 📣 3. Recall Meaning:
People can remove an elected official (like a mayor or governor) before their term ends — if they are unhappy with their performance. Example:
In 2003, voters in California recalled Governor Gray Davis and replaced him with Arnold Schwarz…