IOD is an ocean-atmosphere phenomenon in the Indian Ocean.
It is similar to El Niño but happens in the Indian Ocean, not the Pacific.
🌊 Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) – UPSC Notes
🌊 Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) – Explained Simply 🔹 What is IOD? IOD is an ocean-atmosphere phenomenon in the Indian Ocean . It is similar to El Niño but happens in the Indian Ocean , not the Pacific. It refers to the difference in sea surface temperature (SST) between: Western Indian Ocean (near Africa) Eastern Indian Ocean (near Indonesia) 🔁 Types of IOD: ✅ 1. Positive IOD Western Indian Ocean becomes warmer . Eastern Indian Ocean becomes cooler . Effect : More rainfall in East Africa and India ☔ Drought in Indonesia and Australia 🌵 Good Indian monsoon ❌ 2. Negative IOD Eastern Indian Ocean becomes warmer . Western Indian Ocean becomes cooler . Effect : Less rainfall in India (weak monsoon) ☀️ More rainfall in Indonesia and Australia 🔄 3. Neutral IOD Sea temperatures are nearly equal; no strong effect on weather. 🌀 IOD vs El Niño (Key Difference): Feature IOD El Niño Ocean Indian Ocean Pacific Ocean Main Region Africa ↔ Indonesia South America ↔ Australia Positive Phase Helps Indian Monsoon Weakens Indian Monsoon Negative …
