Human Development Index (HDI) - UPSC Notes
HDI is a composite statistic developed by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) to assess and rank countries based on human development lev
Human Development Index (HDI) The Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite statistic developed by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) to assess and rank countries based on human development levels. It was introduced in the 1990 Human Development Report by Mahbub ul Haq and Amartya Sen. HDI shifts the focus of development discussions from economic growth alone to include people's well-being and capabilities. Components of HDI : Life Expectancy Index :
Measures average life expectancy at birth, reflecting the ability to lead a long and healthy life. Education Index :
Mean years of schooling (average years of education received by people aged 25 and older). Expected years of schooling (total years of schooling a child entering school can expect). Standard of Living :
Assessed using Gross National Income (GNI) per capita (PPP-adjusted). Significance : Provides a holistic approach to measuring development. Highlights inequalities in health, education, and income. Acts as a policy tool …