Gender Inequality Index (GII): Indian Economy Notes for UPSC

Gender Inequality Index (GII) The Gender Inequality Index (GII) is a composite measure introduced by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) to quantify gender disparities in three critical areas of human development. Unlike the Gender Development Index (GDI), which measures gender gaps, GII focuses on inequality and its impact on social and economic progress. Key Features of GII Dimensions of GII : Reproductive Health : Maternal mortality ratio (MMR). Adolescent birth rate (ABR). Empowerment : Proportion of parliamentary seats held by women. Female and male population with secondary education or higher. Labor Market Participation : Female and male labor force participation rates. Scoring : GII values range between 0 and 1. A value of 0 indicates perfect equality, and 1 indicates maximum inequality. Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) Definition : The number of women who die due to complications during pregnancy, childbirth, or within 42 days after delivery per 100,000 live births in a year. Example : …