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The Gender Inequality Index (GII) is a composite measure introduced by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) to quantify gender disparities in three critical areas of human development. Unlike the Gender Development Index (GDI), which measures gender gaps, GII focuses on inequality and its impact on social and economic progress.
Dimensions of GII:
Scoring:
Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR)
Definition: The number of women who die due to complications during pregnancy, childbirth, or within 42 days after delivery per 100,000 live births in a year.
Example: If 100 women die out of 1,00,000 live births in a country, the MMR is 100.
Adolescent Birth Rate (ABR)
Definition: The number of live births per 1,000 girls aged 15–19 years in a given year.
Example: If 25 live births occur for every 1,000 teenage girls in a country, the ABR is 25.
In the 2023 Human Development Report, India ranked 122nd out of 191 countries in the GII:
GII highlights the challenges and opportunities for achieving gender parity, emphasizing the need for targeted efforts in health, education, and empowerment to ensure sustainable and inclusive development.