Non-Cooperation and Khilafat Movements - Indian Modern History UPSC notes
The Non-Cooperation Movement (1920–1922) and the Khilafat Movement (1919–1924) were two major campaigns led by Indians against British colonial rule.
Non-Cooperation and Khilafat Movements The Non-Cooperation Movement (1920–1922) and the Khilafat Movement (1919–1924) were two major campaigns led by Indians against British colonial rule. Though they started for different reasons, both movements united Indians through the strategy of non-violent non-cooperation . Background After World War I , Indians faced several problems that fueled anger against British rule: Economic Hardship Prices of everyday goods rose sharply. Factories produced less, leaving many jobless. Taxes and rents increased, affecting farmers and workers. British Oppression The Rowlatt Act allowed imprisonment without trial, angering Indians. The Jallianwala Bagh massacre , where British soldiers killed hundreds of peaceful protestors, shocked the nation. A government inquiry (Hunter Committee) justified British actions, further enraging Indians. Political Discontent The Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms introduced limited self-governance (dyarchy), but it fell short of Indian demands for …